What is the most common cause of access site complications in dialysis patients?

Thrombosis is considered the most common cause of access site complications in dialysis patients. This occurs when a blood clot forms within the vascular access, often at the site of a fistula or graft. The formation of a clot can lead to compromised blood flow, which is critical for the effectiveness of dialysis. When thrombosis occurs, it can result in reduced dialysis efficiency, necessitating interventions such as thrombectomy or even revision of the access site.

While infection, hemorrhage, and stenosis are also notable complications associated with dialysis access, thrombosis is widespread due to several factors, such as the nature of the access site, patient characteristics, and procedural issues. Thrombosis can be influenced by factors such as low blood flow rates during dialysis, poor needle placement techniques, or even the patient’s overall health and vascular condition. Therefore, understanding the prevalence and impact of thrombosis is essential for managing dialysis patients and optimizing their treatment.