What is an AV fistula?

An AV fistula, or arteriovenous fistula, is a surgical connection created between an artery and a vein, typically in the arm, to facilitate long-term access to the bloodstream for hemodialysis. This connection allows for increased blood flow, which is necessary for efficient dialysis treatment. The arterial blood flows directly into the vein, causing it to enlarge and become more suitable for repeated needle insertions required during dialysis sessions.

Creating an AV fistula is considered the preferred method for vascular access due to its durability and lower risk of complications compared to other options, such as catheters. This method also promotes cellular proliferation in vein walls, further enhancing their suitability for the demands of hemodialysis. Thus, understanding the function and benefits of an AV fistula is crucial for effective patient care in a dialysis setting.