What condition is primarily treated with hemodialysis?

Hemodialysis is primarily utilized as a treatment for kidney failure, specifically when the kidneys are no longer able to effectively filter waste products and excess fluids from the blood. In individuals with kidney failure, commonly known as end-stage renal disease (ESRD), hemodialysis provides a mechanism to clean the blood by artificially filtering out these harmful substances. The procedure involves circulating the patient's blood through a machine that contains a dialyzer, or artificial kidney, which removes toxins before returning the cleaned blood back to the body.

This treatment is vital for patients suffering from severe kidney dysfunction, as it helps maintain electrolyte balance, regulate blood pressure, and prevent the buildup of harmful levels of waste which can lead to serious health complications. The other conditions listed do not primarily involve the kidneys or require dialysis as a treatment modal. While conditions like diabetes can lead to kidney failure, they are not treated directly with hemodialysis itself.