How do you recognize a fistula that is functioning properly?

A properly functioning fistula is characterized by the presence of both a thrill and a bruit. The thrill is a vibratory sensation felt over the fistula, which indicates good blood flow within the vessel created for hemodialysis. Similarly, a bruit refers to the sound heard when listening with a stethoscope over the fistula, resulting from the turbulent blood flow. Both of these findings signify that the fistula is patent and effective for dialysis access.

The other options do not necessarily indicate a well-functioning fistula. For example, warmth to the touch could suggest infection or inflammation rather than proper function. Swelling might indicate complications like thrombosis or obstruction. Visual discoloration is not a standard indicator of functionality and may also indicate a problem, such as compromised circulation. Recognizing the combination of a thrill and a bruit is essential for assessing the adequacy of a fistula prior to and during hemodialysis treatment.